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EN-GJS-400-15

Ductile (nodular) iron. Rm>=400 MPa, A>=15%. Combines castability of cast iron with mechanical properties approaching mild steel.

Cast Iron Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron ENEN-GJS-400-15 ISOISO 1083 Grade 400-15 DINGGG-40 ASTMA536 Grade 60-40-18 (nearest) +12
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Description

EN-GJS-400-15 (formerly GGG-40) per EN 1563 is the most widely used ductile iron grade. Graphite spheroids eliminate stress concentration giving 400 MPa tensile strength and 15% elongation β€” comparable to low-carbon steel while retaining cast iron castability and cost advantages.

Key Properties β€” As Cast β€” Ferritic
Rm (Tensile Strength)
400 – 500
MPa
Re / Rp0.2 (Yield)
250
MPa
Aβ‚… (Elongation)
β‰₯ 15.0
%
Hardness
β€” – 200
HB
E (Young's Modulus)
170
GPa
Density
7.10
g/cmΒ³
Main Designations (16)
Standard BodyDesignationCountry / RegionNote
EN EN-GJS-400-15 European Union
ISO ISO 1083 Grade 400-15 International
DIN GGG-40 Germany Obsolete -> EN
ASTM A536 Grade 60-40-18 (nearest) USA
BS 350/22 United Kingdom
JIS FCD400 Japan
GOST VCh40 (VCh40) Russia / CIS
UNI GS 40-15 Italy
NF FGS 400-15 France
SS SS0717 Sweden
PN GJS-400-15 Poland
CSN 42 2304 Czech Republic
SAE J434 Grade D4018 USA
UNS F32800 (nearest) USA (UNS)
GB QT400-15 China
JUS Kug.400-15 Yugoslavia / Serbia Spheroidal graphite cast iron, ferritic; JUS B.H2.010
Standards (16)
#Standard BodyDesignationCountry / RegionNote
1 EN EN-GJS-400-15 European Union β€”
2 ISO ISO 1083 Grade 400-15 International β€”
3 DIN GGG-40 Germany Obsolete -> EN
4 ASTM A536 Grade 60-40-18 (nearest) USA β€”
5 BS 350/22 United Kingdom β€”
6 JIS FCD400 Japan β€”
7 GOST VCh40 (VCh40) Russia / CIS β€”
8 UNI GS 40-15 Italy β€”
9 NF FGS 400-15 France β€”
10 SS SS0717 Sweden β€”
11 PN GJS-400-15 Poland β€”
12 CSN 42 2304 Czech Republic β€”
13 SAE J434 Grade D4018 USA β€”
14 UNS F32800 (nearest) USA (UNS) β€”
15 GB QT400-15 China β€”
16 JUS Kug.400-15 Yugoslavia / Serbia Spheroidal graphite cast iron, ferritic; JUS B.H2.010
All values in wt.%
C
Carbon (total)
3.4000 – 3.8000
Si
Silicon
2.0000 – 3.0000
Mn
Manganese
≀ 0.5000
P
Phosphorus
≀ 0.0500
S
Sulphur
≀ 0.0200
Mg
Magnesium
0.0300 – 0.0700
ElementSymbolMin %Max %Typical %
Carbon (total) C 3.4000 3.8000 3.6000
Silicon Si 2.0000 3.0000 2.5000
Manganese Mn β€” 0.5000 0.2500
Phosphorus P β€” 0.0500 β€”
Sulphur S β€” 0.0200 β€”
Magnesium Mg 0.0300 0.0700 0.0500
Mechanical Properties
ConditionCode Rm min
MPa		Rm max
MPa		 Re min
MPa		Re max
MPa		 Aβ‚… min
%		 Z
%		 KV
J		 HB minHB max HRC minHRC max E
GPa
As Cast β€” Ferritic GJS-400-15 400 500 250 β€” 15.0 β€” β€” β€” 200 β€” β€” 170.0
Annealed (fully ferritic) +A 370 470 220 β€” 18.0 β€” β€” β€” 190 β€” β€” 170.0
Physical Properties
Density
7.100
g/cmΒ³
Melting Point
1140–1200
Β°C
Young's Modulus
170.0
GPa
Poisson's Ratio
0.275
β€”
Thermal Conductivity
36.0
W/mΒ·K
Thermal Expansion
12.50
Γ—10⁻⁢ /K
Specific Heat
461
J/kgΒ·K
Electrical Resistivity
0.5000
¡Ω·m
Magnetic
Yes
 
Heat Treatment
Ferritic Annealing
Temperature:860Β°C – 920Β°C
Medium:Furnace
Duration:2-4 h at temp
Cooling:Slow cool to 700 C, hold 2h, then air
Hardness After:-10 to -20 HB
Maximises ductility.
Stress Relieving
Temperature:550Β°C – 600Β°C
Medium:Furnace
Duration:2-4 h
Cooling:<=50 C/h then air
Hardness After:Minimal change
For dimensional stability.
Austempering (ADI)
Temperature:820Β°C – 920Β°C
Medium:Salt bath 250-400 C
Duration:Austenitise + salt 30-120 min
Cooling:-
Hardness After:HB 250-380
Produces ADI with dramatically improved strength+ductility.
Machinability
Machinability Rating
relative to AISI B1112 = 100%
60.0%
Moderate
Turning Speed (HSS)
55
m/min
Turning Speed (Carbide)
230
m/min
Feed Rate (Turning)
0.230
mm/rev
Drilling Speed (HSS)
38
m/min
Milling Speed (Carbide)
250
m/min
CoolantDry or light air blast; avoid water shock
Chip FormationShort broken chips (good control)
Tool MaterialCarbide K10/K20; CBN for hardened ADI
Surface FinishRa 0.8-3.2 um
Significantly better machinability than steel at equivalent strength.
Applications
Automotive
Crankshafts, camshafts, differential carriers, steering knuckles and brake callipers.
Agricultural
Implement frames, hitch components and large gear housings.
Pipes & Fittings
Ductile iron water mains (ISO 2531) β€” standard municipal water infrastructure.
Wind Energy
Nacelle frames, hub castings and main shafts for wind turbines.
Technical Notes
πŸ’‘
vs Flake Iron
GJS-400-15 has 15% elongation vs <0.5% for GJL-250. Makes SG iron suitable for dynamic loads that would destroy grey iron.
βœ…
ADI
Austempering produces ADI with 800-1400 MPa tensile and 1-12% ductility β€” exceeding many alloy steels.
πŸ”₯
Weldability
Better than flake iron: pre-heat 250-400 C, Ni-Fe electrodes, slow cooling.