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Carbon Steels

13 Materials

Unalloyed steels with carbon as primary alloying element (C10, C22, C45, C60, S235, S355)

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C10
Low Carbon Steel
Low carbon case-hardening steel. Soft core, hard surface HRC 58-64 after carburising. For small gears, pins and bushings…
Tensile
320–420 MPa
Hardness
95–130 HB
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C10E (Case-Hardening)
Low Carbon Steel
C10E — fine-grained case-hardening steel with controlled S for improved machinability. For small precision gears, pins a…
Tensile
300–420 MPa
Hardness
88–125 HB
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C15E
Low Carbon Case-Hardening Steel
C15E — fine-grain low carbon steel for carburising. Achieves HRC 60-64 case with very tough core. For small gears, pins,…
Tensile
330–500 MPa
Hardness
95–135 HB
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C22
Low-Medium Carbon Steel
Low-medium carbon steel for general engineering and welded structures requiring moderate strength.…
Tensile
380–500 MPa
Hardness
110–150 HB
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C35
Medium Carbon Steel
Medium carbon steel between C22 and C45. Moderate strength, good machinability. For axles, couplings, bolts and general …
Tensile
550–700 MPa
Hardness
160–200 HB
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C45
Medium Carbon Steel
Unalloyed medium carbon steel — most widely used engineering steel. Q+T achieves 700-900 MPa. For shafts, gears, axles a…
Tensile
620–780 MPa
Hardness
174–212 HB
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C55
High-Carbon Unalloyed Steel
C55 — high carbon structural steel between C45 and C60. Q+T gives Rm 750-900 MPa. For crankshafts, cams, high-strength b…
Tensile
650–800 MPa
Hardness
185–240 HB
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C60
High Carbon Steel
High carbon steel for springs, rails, cutting edges and wear-resistant parts. Oil quench — NEVER water quench.…
Tensile
710–860 MPa
Hardness
212–248 HB
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C75 (High Carbon Spring Steel)
High Carbon Steel
C75 — high carbon unalloyed steel for flat springs, saw blades and agricultural cutting edges.…
Tensile
750–950 MPa
Hardness
220–270 HB
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C80W1 (Tool / Spring)
High Carbon Spring/Tool Steel
C80 / C80W1 — highest-carbon unalloyed steel. Water-hardening (W1). For hand tools, chisels, saw blades and flat springs…
Tensile
— MPa
Hardness
— HB
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S235JR
Structural Steel
General purpose structural steel 235 MPa yield, impact tested at 20 C. Most widely used structural grade in Europe.…
Tensile
360–510 MPa
Hardness
105–155 HB
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S355J2
High-Strength Structural Steel
High-strength structural steel 355 MPa yield, impact tested at -20 C. Standard for heavily loaded welded structures.…
Tensile
470–630 MPa
Hardness
140–190 HB
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S460N
High-Strength Structural Steel
S460N — normalised fine-grain structural steel 460 MPa yield. For crane booms, bridges and offshore jackets requiring hi…
Tensile
550–720 MPa
Hardness
— HB
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