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S235JR

General purpose structural steel 235 MPa yield, impact tested at 20 C. Most widely used structural grade in Europe.

Carbon Steels Structural Steel EN 10025-2S235JR / S235J0 / S235J2 DIN (obsolete)St37-2 / RSt37-2 ASTMA36 (nearest, slightly higher yield) BS43A (obsolete) +5
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Description

S235JR per EN 10025-2 is a hot-rolled non-alloy structural steel. Designation: S=structural, 235=min yield (MPa), J=impact grade, R=room temperature. Workhorse grade for welded, bolted and riveted constructions worldwide.

Key Properties — Hot Rolled t<=16mm
Rm (Tensile Strength)
360 – 510
MPa
Re / Rp0.2 (Yield)
235
MPa
A₅ (Elongation)
≥ 26.0
%
E (Young's Modulus)
210
GPa
Density
7.85
g/cm³
Main Designations (9)
Standard BodyDesignationCountry / RegionNote
EN 10025-2 S235JR / S235J0 / S235J2 EU
DIN (obsolete) St37-2 / RSt37-2 Germany
ASTM A36 (nearest, slightly higher yield) USA
BS 43A (obsolete) UK
JIS SS400 (nearest) Japan
GOST St3sp / St3ps Russia
UNS K02600 (nearest A36) USA (UNS)
GB Q235B China
JUS C.0361 / Č.0361 / St.37-2 Yugoslavia Strukturni čelik St37; JUS B.B1.100
Standards (9)
#Standard BodyDesignationCountry / RegionNote
1 EN 10025-2 S235JR / S235J0 / S235J2 EU —
2 DIN (obsolete) St37-2 / RSt37-2 Germany —
3 ASTM A36 (nearest, slightly higher yield) USA —
4 BS 43A (obsolete) UK —
5 JIS SS400 (nearest) Japan —
6 GOST St3sp / St3ps Russia —
7 UNS K02600 (nearest A36) USA (UNS) —
8 GB Q235B China —
9 JUS C.0361 / Č.0361 / St.37-2 Yugoslavia Strukturni čelik St37; JUS B.B1.100
All values in wt.%
C
Carbon
≤ 0.1700
Si
Silicon
~0.2000
Mn
Manganese
≤ 1.4000
P
Phosphorus
≤ 0.0400
S
Sulphur
≤ 0.0400
ElementSymbolMin %Max %Typical %
Carbon C — 0.1700 0.1400
Silicon Si — — 0.2000
Manganese Mn — 1.4000 1.1000
Phosphorus P — 0.0400 —
Sulphur S — 0.0400 —
Mechanical Properties
ConditionCode Rm min
MPa		Rm max
MPa		 Re min
MPa		Re max
MPa		 A₅ min
%		 Z
%		 KV
J		 HB minHB max HRC minHRC max E
GPa
Hot Rolled t<=16mm +AR 360 510 235 — 26.0 — 27.0 — — — — 210.0
Hot Rolled 16<t<=40mm +AR 360 510 225 — 26.0 — 27.0 — — — — 210.0
Hot Rolled t>40mm +AR 350 500 215 — 24.0 — 27.0 — — — — 210.0
Physical Properties
Density
7.850
g/cm³
Melting Point
1493–1527
°C
Young's Modulus
210.0
GPa
Poisson's Ratio
0.300
—
Thermal Conductivity
52.0
W/m·K
Thermal Expansion
12.00
×10⁻⁶ /K
Specific Heat
490
J/kg·K
Electrical Resistivity
0.1930
µΩ·m
Magnetic
Yes
 
Heat Treatment
Normalizing
Temperature:870°C – 920°C
Medium:Still Air
Duration:-
Cooling:Air cool
Hardness After:Standard
For improved grain after heavy rolling.
Stress Relieving (after welding)
Temperature:530°C – 580°C
Medium:Furnace
Duration:1h/25mm
Cooling:<=150 C/h
Hardness After:No change
For residual stress relief.
Machinability
Machinability Rating
relative to AISI B1112 = 100%
70.0%
Moderate
Turning Speed (HSS)
42
m/min
Turning Speed (Carbide)
182
m/min
Feed Rate (Turning)
0.210
mm/rev
Drilling Speed (HSS)
30
m/min
Milling Speed (Carbide)
185
m/min
CoolantSoluble oil 5-8%
Chip FormationMedium ductile chips
Tool MaterialCarbide P20; HSS M2
Surface FinishRa 1.6-6.3 um
Excellent machinability. Benchmark general structural steel.
Applications
Light Structures
Agricultural equipment frames, greenhouse structures, garden gates and railings.
General Fabrication
Brackets, bases, supports, angles, channels and general steelwork.
Automotive
Non-structural body panels, seat frames and agricultural trailer bodies.
Technical Notes
✅
S235 vs S355
S235JR: 40% lower yield, 30% lower cost. Use S235 for light structures where deflection (not strength) governs design — e.g. long-span purlins, agricultural frames, railings. S355 for anything requiring structural efficiency.