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Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5)

Ti-6Al-4V β€” most widely used titanium alloy. 900-950 MPa tensile at density 4.43 g/cm3. Dominates aerospace structural and medical implant applications.

Titanium Alloys Alpha+Beta Titanium Alloy ISOTi-6Al-4V / Grade 5 ASTMGrade 5 / B265 Grade 5 / F136 (medical) AMSAMS 4928 (bar/billet) / AMS 4911 (sheet) UNSR56400 +11
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Description

Ti-6Al-4V (EN 3.7165 / ISO 5832-3 Grade 5) accounts for approximately 50% of all titanium production. Al stabilises alpha phase, V stabilises beta phase. Mill annealed condition: ~950 MPa tensile at 4.43 g/cm3 β€” approaching mild steel at one-third the weight. Standard for aircraft structural components, jet engine compressor blades, biomedical implants and high-performance sports equipment.

Key Properties β€” Mill Annealed
Rm (Tensile Strength)
930 – 1,100
MPa
Re / Rp0.2 (Yield)
860
MPa
Aβ‚… (Elongation)
β‰₯ 14.0
%
Hardness
310 – 380
HB
E (Young's Modulus)
114
GPa
Density
4.43
g/cmΒ³
Main Designations (15)
Standard BodyDesignationCountry / RegionNote
ISO Ti-6Al-4V / Grade 5 International
ASTM Grade 5 / B265 Grade 5 / F136 (medical) USA
AMS AMS 4928 (bar/billet) / AMS 4911 (sheet) USA (Aerospace)
UNS R56400 USA (UNS)
EN EN 3.7165 European Union
BS TA10 United Kingdom
JIS 60 class / Ti-6Al-4V Japan
GOST VT6 (VT6) Russia / CIS
DIN 3.7165 Germany
NF TA6V France
UNI TiAl6V4 Italy
GB TC4 China
JUS Ti-6Al-4V Yugoslavia / Serbia Alpha-beta titanium alloy for structural applications
ASME SB-265 Grade 5 USA
MIL MIL-T-9046 (Ti-6Al-4V) USA Military
Standards (15)
#Standard BodyDesignationCountry / RegionNote
1 ISO Ti-6Al-4V / Grade 5 International β€”
2 ASTM Grade 5 / B265 Grade 5 / F136 (medical) USA β€”
3 AMS AMS 4928 (bar/billet) / AMS 4911 (sheet) USA (Aerospace) β€”
4 UNS R56400 USA (UNS) β€”
5 EN EN 3.7165 European Union β€”
6 BS TA10 United Kingdom β€”
7 JIS 60 class / Ti-6Al-4V Japan β€”
8 GOST VT6 (VT6) Russia / CIS β€”
9 DIN 3.7165 Germany β€”
10 NF TA6V France β€”
11 UNI TiAl6V4 Italy β€”
12 GB TC4 China β€”
13 JUS Ti-6Al-4V Yugoslavia / Serbia Alpha-beta titanium alloy for structural applications
14 ASME SB-265 Grade 5 USA β€”
15 MIL MIL-T-9046 (Ti-6Al-4V) USA Military β€”
All values in wt.%
Ti
Titanium
87.7000 – 91.2000
Al
Aluminium
5.5000 – 6.7500
V
Vanadium
3.5000 – 4.5000
Fe
Iron
≀ 0.4000
O
Oxygen
≀ 0.2000
C
Carbon
≀ 0.0800
ElementSymbolMin %Max %Typical %
Titanium Ti 87.7000 91.2000 89.5000
Aluminium Al 5.5000 6.7500 6.2000
Vanadium V 3.5000 4.5000 4.0000
Iron Fe β€” 0.4000 0.2000
Oxygen O β€” 0.2000 0.1500
Carbon C β€” 0.0800 0.0400
Mechanical Properties
ConditionCode Rm min
MPa		Rm max
MPa		 Re min
MPa		Re max
MPa		 Aβ‚… min
%		 Z
%		 KV
J		 HB minHB max HRC minHRC max E
GPa
Mill Annealed +A 930 1,100 860 β€” 14.0 β€” β€” 310 380 β€” β€” 114.0
STA β€” Solution + Age (bar) STA 1,000 1,200 900 β€” 10.0 β€” β€” 330 410 β€” β€” 114.0
ELI Grade (implants) ELI 860 965 780 β€” 15.0 β€” β€” 290 360 β€” β€” 112.0
Physical Properties
Density
4.430
g/cmΒ³
Melting Point
1604–1660
Β°C
Young's Modulus
114.0
GPa
Poisson's Ratio
0.342
β€”
Thermal Conductivity
7.2
W/mΒ·K
Thermal Expansion
8.60
Γ—10⁻⁢ /K
Specific Heat
526
J/kgΒ·K
Electrical Resistivity
0.1780
¡Ω·m
Magnetic
No
 
Heat Treatment
Stress Relieving
Temperature:480Β°C – 540Β°C
Medium:Vacuum or Ar
Duration:2-4 h
Cooling:Furnace cool
Hardness After:Minimal change
Post-machining or post-welding. Vacuum mandatory.
Duplex Anneal
Temperature:900Β°C – 950Β°C
Medium:Vacuum or Ar
Duration:1h + 760 C/2h
Cooling:AC then FC
Hardness After:HB ~310-360
Two-stage anneal optimises strength-toughness balance.
Solution Treatment (STA)
Temperature:900Β°C – 950Β°C
Medium:Vacuum or Ar + Water quench
Duration:1h
Cooling:Rapid quench
Hardness After:HB ~370+
Must quench within 30 sec from furnace.
Aging (after STA)
Temperature:500Β°C – 540Β°C
Medium:Vacuum or Ar
Duration:4-8 h
Cooling:Furnace cool
Hardness After:HB ~380-420
Peak aging for maximum strength.
Machinability
Machinability Rating
relative to AISI B1112 = 100%
22.0%
Very Difficult
Turning Speed (HSS)
25
m/min
Turning Speed (Carbide)
80
m/min
Feed Rate (Turning)
0.090
mm/rev
Drilling Speed (HSS)
15
m/min
Milling Speed (Carbide)
90
m/min
CoolantFlood coolant β€” high pressure, high volume (mandatory)
Chip FormationLong stringy gummy chips; severe work-hardening; heat at tool tip
Tool MaterialUncoated/TiAlN carbide K20; positive rake; rigid setup; HSM possible with correct parameters
Surface FinishRa 0.4-1.6 um
Very difficult to machine. Use: sharp tools changed frequently, rigid setup, constant chip load, HIGH flood coolant. Cryogenic LN2 machining dramatically improves tool life.
Applications
Aerospace
Airframe structural parts, jet engine fan blades, compressor discs and casings.
Medical Implants
Hip/knee prostheses, spinal cages, trauma plates and dental implants (fully biocompatible ISO 5832-3).
Marine
Submarine pressure hull fasteners, sonar housings and deep-sea ROV structural parts.
Chemical
Ultra-corrosive media (fuming HNO3, wet Cl2) where even 316L fails.
Technical Notes
⚠️
Machining Fire Risk
Ti-6Al-4V chips and fine swarf are combustible. Maintain continuous flood coolant, clean chips frequently, have fire suppression at machine.
βœ…
Specific Strength
Ti-6Al-4V specific strength (strength/density) approx 220 kN.m/kg, compared to 4340 steel: 130 kN.m/kg, 7075 Al: 170 kN.m/kg.
πŸ’§
Corrosion Resistance
Excellent β€” comparable to CP Ti Grade 2. Immune to seawater SCC.
βœ…
ELI Grade for Implants
For medical implants specify Ti-6Al-4V ELI per ASTM F136 / ISO 5832-3. Lower O+N+Fe improves fracture toughness critical for long-term fatigue performance.
πŸ”₯
Weldability
TIG/EBW/LBW weldable. Vacuum or pure Ar MANDATORY. Post-weld anneal required.